What Is the Difference Between Venomous and Poisonous

The terms venomous and poisonous are often used interchangeably to refer to toxic substances produced by animals and their dangers to humans and other creatures, but they have different meanings in biology. Basically, venoms are delivered actively while poisons are delivered passively. Venomous Organisms A venom is a secretion that an animal produces in a gland for the purpose of injecting it into another animal. It is actively introduced into a victim by means of a specialized apparatus. Venomous organisms use a wide variety of tools to inject venom: barbs, beaks, fangs or modified teeth, harpoons, nematocysts (found in jellyfish tentacles), pincers, proboscises, spines, sprays, spurs, and stingers. Animal venoms are generally a mix of proteins and peptides, and their precise chemical makeup to a large extent depends on the purpose of the venom. Venoms are used for defense against other creatures or for hunting prey. Those used for defense are designed to create immediate, localized pain to make another animal go away. The chemistry of venoms designed for hunting prey, on the other hand, is highly variable, since these venoms are made specifically to kill, incapacitate, or break down the victims chemistry to make it easily edible. If cornered, many hunters will use their venom for defense. Glands and Hypodermic Needles The glands where venoms are stored have a ready supply of venom and a muscular arrangement to eject the toxic substance, which can affect the rapidity and degree of envenomation. The reaction in the victim is principally determined by the chemistry, potency, and volume of the venom. Most animal venoms are ineffectual if the venom is merely placed on the skin or even ingested. Venom requires a wound to deliver its molecules to its victims. One sophisticated apparatus for creating such a wound is the hypodermic syringe-style mechanism of ants, bees, and wasps: In fact, inventor Alexander Wood is said to have modeled his syringe on bee sting mechanisms. Venomous Arthropods Venomous insects can be divided into three groups: true bugs (order Hemiptera), butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera), and ants, bees, and wasps (order Hymenoptera). Heres how the venom is delivered: Black widow spiders bite to inject digestive enzymes that liquefy their prey.Brown recluse spiders have short fangs that inject a cytotoxic (cell-killing) venom into their prey.Honey bees use a modified ovipositor (egg-layer) as defensive equipment.Bumblebees sting defensively.Hornets, yellow jackets, and paper wasps are defensive stingers.Velvet ants use a modified ovipositor defensively.Fire ants sting defensively. Poisonous Organisms Poisonous organisms dont deliver their toxins directly; rather, the toxins are induced passively. A poisonous organisms entire body, or large parts of it, might contain the poisonous substance, and the poison is often created by the animals specialized diet. Unlike venoms, poisons are contact toxins, which are harmful when eaten or touched. Humans and other creatures can suffer when they come in direct contact with or inhale airborne material from urticating (stinging nettle-like) hairs, wing scales, molted animal parts, feces, silk, and other secretions. Poisonous secretions are almost always defensive in nature. Those that arent defensive are simple allergens  that have nothing to do with defense. A creature can come in contact with these secretions even after a poisonous organism is dead. The defensive contact chemicals produced by poisonous insects can cause severe local pain, local swelling, swelling of the lymph nodes, headache, shock-like symptoms, and convulsions, as well as dermatitis, rashes, and upper respiratory tract complications. Poisonous Arthropods Poisonous insects include members of quite a few groups: butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera), true bugs (order Hemiptera), beetles (order Coleoptera), grasshoppers (order Orthoptera), and others. Stinging caterpillars use barbed spines or hairs as defensive mechanisms, while blister beetles produce a caustic chemical when they are threatened. Heres how some insects produce their poison: Monarch butterflies develop a defensive flavor by eating milkweeds, and birds that eat them eat only one.Heliconius butterflies have similar defensive poisons in their systems.Cinnabar moths feed on poisonous ragworts and inherit the poison.Lygaeid bugs feed on milkweed and oleander. Which Is More Dangerous? Venomous black widow spider bites, snake bites, and jellyfish stings certainly sound more dangerous than contact poisons, but in terms of worldwide exposure, the more dangerous of the two is undoubtedly animal poison, since it doesnt require animals to take an active role in the toxin delivery system. Sources Beard, Raimon L. Insect Toxins and Venoms. Annual Review of Entomology. Casewell, Nicholas R., et al. Complex Cocktails: The Evolutionary Novelty of Venoms. Trends in Ecology Evolution.Fry, Bryan G., et al. The Toxicogenomic Multiverse: Convergent Recruitment of Proteins Into Animal Venoms. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics.Harris, J B., and A Goonetilleke. Animal Poisons and the Nervous System: What the Neurologist Needs to Know. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry.Kellaway, C H. Animal Poisons. Annual Review of Biochemistry.Wirtz, R.A. Allergic and Toxic Reactions to Non-Stinging Arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology.

Descriptive Essay About Titanic - 1707 Words

Famous Maritime Disasters For as long as people have been using wood to float on water, there have been maritime disasters. The most we can do is mourn for dead, be sensitive to the trauma of the survivors, and learn from these tragic experiences. Let’s look at five well-known or somewhat well-known maritime disasters. RMS Titanic It’s been the subject of more than one film, and not just the 1997 James Cameron blockbuster. It’s even the subject of a musical (The Unsinkable Molly Brown). But just what is it about the Titanic that captures the imagination? Part of it, surely, is the luxury of the ship and a lot of its high-class passengers. Another reason is the arrogance of referring to the ship as ‘unsinkable’. Plus the tragic loss of†¦show more content†¦This American Great Lakes freighter was used to haul taconite iron ore from mines near Duluth in Minnesota to the iron works in Toledo, Detroit, and other Great Lakes port cities. More than just a workhorse, the Edmund Fitzgerald was also known for its speed. The ship set seasonal hauling records six times during its working life, which spanned from 1958 to 1975. The captain, Peter Pulcer, was known as the ‘DJ Captain’, for his habit of playing music while the ship sailed between Lakes Erie and Huron through the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. Music was played day and night. Furthermore, Captain Pulcer would also entertain spectators between Lakes Huron and Superior at the Soo Locks, with running commentary about the vessel. As a result, the ship was well known to boat watchers. On November 9, 1975, Captain Ernest McSorley commanded the ship on what should have been a somewhat routine run from Superior, Wisconsin (near Duluth) to a steel mill near Detroit. On that day, the Edmund Fitzgerald accompanied another freighter, the SS Arthur M. Anderson. However, the next day, both ships were caught in a sudden storm with waves up to 35 feet and winds that were near hurricane force. The Fitzgerald reported it was having some difficulties, but its last transmission to the Anderson said that they were holding their own. Just after 7:10 PM, the Fitzgerald suddenly sank about 17 miles from Whitefish Bay, on the Canadian side, near Sault Ste.Show MoreRelatedWhat Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Telling a Story Using Moving Images2760 Words   |  12 PagesEach mode of story telling is capable of presenting the same story in different ways. Humans are capable of both understanding and interpreting the different content and style associated with different modes of story telling. For the purpose of this essay I contend that a moving image is one that is viewed upon a screen. This may include images such as photography, video or animation, which can be used to create films (long, short or continuous) or computer games. Methods of telling stories, which doRead More George W. Bush’s Language Comprising the War on Terror Essay5251 Words   |  22 Pagesand metaphors that constitute George W. Bush’s rhetoric on the current â€Å"war on terror.† Through an examination of the language that the president employs when speaking about the war on terror, I will elucidate several different categories of rhetoric he uses to describe different aspects of this conflict. Though largely descriptive, I will briefly compare Bush’s current conflict rhetoric with the conflict rhetoric of past presidents. Through this comparison, we will be able to identify any rhetoricalRead MoreEssay on Mintzberg 5 Ps of Strategy9155 Words   |  37 Pagesrealized strategy, as shown in Figure 1, then we can distinguish deliberate strategies, where patterns developed in the absence of intentions, or despite them (which went unrealized). STRATEGIES ABOUT WHAT? 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Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Myanmar Free Essays

This essay will investigate the role of images in the media’s presentation of current events using the example of Myanmar/Burma protests. It is a well-known scientific fact that humans absorb the greatest amount of information through the visual channel; therefore, contemporary media places a significant emphasis on the use of effective images in the presentation of news. Images coupled with specific vocabulary are the most powerful tool of framing public discourse concerning current events. We will write a custom essay sample on Myanmar or any similar topic only for you Order Now As for the background information about the crisis in Myanmar/Burma, there has been a series of protests against human rights abuses and crackdown on ethnic minorities going on in the country since late August. The protests have been started by monks and supported by ordinary citizens. In late September, the military government of Myanmar/Burma responded with the police violence and arrests. Such a response sparked a wave of international indignation, and both Myanmar/Burma activists and their supporters abroad call upon the international institutions to take a decisive action to solve the crisis that has not been fully settled yet. For the purposes of this essay, three most influential news media providers were selected, namely CNN, BBC, and Reuters. There is little variation in their representation of the events in Myanmar/Burma, yet each news provider uses its own set of images to communicate its message to its target audience. CNN launched a series of articles tracking down all the developments of the situation in Myanmar/Burma. The article ‘Satellite photos may prove abuses in Myanmar/Burma, researchers say’ (CNN, 2007) is accompanied by a photograph showing a crowd of monks on a demonstration who are surrounded by other citizens. Deep red apparel of the monks contrasts with predominantly white clothes of other citizens, yet this photograph communicates a powerful message that many Myanmar/Burma citizens are united around the noble cause of confronting their government because of human rights abuses. The photograph is probably taken from the plane or any spot high above the Earth surface. This very fact reminds the Western viewer that many media channels are banned from doing on-the-ground reporting from Myanmar/Burma. It further amplifies the perception of the Myanmar/Burma government as authoritarian and undemocratic one. The thing that is probably missing from the image is the presence of authorities. It is well-known that streets of major Myanmar/Burma cities are flooded with the police and sometimes special forces. While the image effectively captures the peaceful spirit of the protests and high level of self-organization, it fails to convey the atmosphere of confrontation between citizens and authorities. BBC frames the story with a noticeable human touch. British media is known to focus on the human factor before examining international political implications of a certain event. The story titled ‘Monks trying to escape Rangoon’ (BBC, 2007) goes together with a photograph of two young monks fleeing away at the top of a truck. In the background it is possible to spot several other trucks carrying other exiles away. This image communicates a dual message: first of all, it persuasively portrays Buddhist monks as innocent victims of the oppressive regime rather than violent protesters; secondly, it indicates that the number of exiles exceeds the number of transport facilities available to them. Furthermore, it makes viewers think about the future of the protesters who are forced to leave their home country because of their political beliefs. It also puts the story in the wider regional context, since the conflict in Myanmar/Burma will also affect all the neighboring countries if exile becomes mass. The inscription under the image reads ‘Many monks are desperate to leave Rangoon, witnesses say.’ The image advances the story by showing that the protesters are ready to trade the risk and insecurity of fleeing to another country from relative political freedom they can enjoy abroad. Another BBC story, ‘Burmese play tense waiting game’ (BBC, 2007), also features an effective use of visual images. One of the images that accompany the story features Gen Than Shwe who heads the ruling junta and controls the army. The facial expression of Gen Than Shwe is conspicuously aggressive and hostile. To the Western viewer, such an image reminds of other historical forms of military dictatorship, ranging from Soviet-era military buildup to juntas in Latin America. Perhaps the most effective use of visual images has been done by the Reuters (2007). Together with a series of stories, it offers a slideshow of 25 photographs representing the course of development of events in Myanmar/Burma. One of the photographs features a Buddhist monk standing by a placard that reads ‘Free Political Prisoners, Listen to the People.’ Young man is wearing glasses (the fact that resonates with the collective image of ‘intelligentsia’ from developing countries) and has a very determined expression on his face. While there is a grammatical mistake in the word ‘Political,’ the image still credits the protesters for their brave attempts to attract the attention of international community. In such a way, Western media frames the public discourse about the events in Myanmar/Burma is a sympathetic way and calls upon Western governments and international organizations to render necessary support to the peaceful protesters and population of the country. References CNN. ‘Satellite photos may prove abuses in Myanmar, researchers say.’ September 28, 2007. October 3, 2007. http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/09/28/myanmar.satellites.ap/index.html BBC. ‘Monks ‘trying to escape Rangoon’.’ October 3, 2007. October 3, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7025357.stm BBC. October 3, 2007. ‘Burmese play tense waiting game. October 3, 2007. October 3, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7025357.stm The Reuters. ‘Myanmar junta arrests more.’ October 3, 2007. October 3, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSGOR22843620071003    How to cite Myanmar, Essay examples Myanmar Free Essays Myanmar is one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Despite its lush natural resources, the country formerly known as Burma has remained among Asia’s struggling economies, notwithstanding the fact that its neighbor, Thailand, has periodically rebounded from the boom-bust cycle of the international economy, including 1990s Asian Financial Crisis. Even if there be economic pitfalls like these, Myanmar has always been known for its two social pillars – the Buddhist monks and the Burmese military. We will write a custom essay sample on Myanmar or any similar topic only for you Order Now For years, the these two socio-political institutions have always been embroiled in a love-hate relationship especially in amassing the support of the Burmese people, as evidenced in the current political crisis engulfing all of Myanmar today. On the other hand, it is important to note that Myanmar was a former direct British colony, from 1824-1886 and subsequently became a province of India until it gained full independence in 1948. Burmese history post-independence though may be best described as a waltz between the exercise of democracy and the iron grip of the Burmese military institution, as the Burmese military junta has always wielded political and economic power in Burma since the time of Gen. Ne Win until today, under the leadership of Gen. Than Shwe. Presently, several indicators may serve to show the level of development Burma has reached – the Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (PCGDP), Literacy Rate, and the Life Expectancy. These three are very important indices in determining whether or not the Burmese government and its people are successful in substantially improving the lives of members of their society. The Burmese PCGDP is pegged at $1,800 (2006 est.), a far cry from the $9,200 (2006 est.) PCGDP of its neighbor Thailand and even its similarly situated neighbor Laos whose PCGDP is at $ 2,200. (cia.gov) On the other hand, Burma has been successful in ensuring that majority of its population can read and write, as its 89.9% literacy rate is only a few percentages lower than Thailand’s 92.6%. Life expectancy in Burma is also very low at 62.52 years old, while Thailand’s life expectancy is at 72.55 years old. Actually, the life expectancy in more underdeveloped neighbor Bangladesh is slightly higher than the Burmese average, at 62.84 years old. (cia.gov) Over and above the usual economic explanations as to the depressing levels of poverty in Burma, a major basis for the continuing economic underdevelopment in Burma shall always be the authoritarian rule of the Burmese government and the patent lack of democracy and freedom in the country. A main factor for the stunting of the Burmese economy is the strict government controls on all sectors of the economy by the ruling junta. Even as the world has already started embracing the principle of eliminating barriers to international trade, the Burmese economy continues to institute questionable economic policies such as a distorted interest rate regime and multiple official exchange rates. (cia.gov) Moreover, the discredited image of the Burmese military junta to the world has also resulted in a lukewarm investment climate, diminishing foreign assistance by developed countries, and economic sanctions, especially due to its protracted and continued crackdown on pro-democracy dissidents including Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi. Such an unfortunate economic and political situation would definitely lead to dire results insofar as human development is concerned, the result of which would be the low life expectancy of the Burmese people. To a certain extent, it is very safe to surmise that the low life expectancy can be logically attributed to the failures of years of military junta rule in delivering basic social services to the people. Had the Burmese government been very effective in delivering primary healthcare to its impoverished countryside notwithstanding ensuring sustained food security, the necessary consequence of such a situation would perhaps lead to a higher life expectancy rate than what Burma currently faces. Apparently, if one looks at the CIA world ranking on life expectancy, Burma at 168th place would find itself in the company of countries and states which had histories of problematic governments and states which do not necessarily hold the interest of their peoples at heart due to pervasive corruption, civil strife, among others. (cia.gov) On the other hand, it would seem surprising that an impoverished country like Burma would have such a high literacy rate of 89.9%, especially as similarly situated underdeveloped countries such as Haiti and Cambodia have very low literacy rates, at 52.9% and 50.2%, respectively. The explanation for this would perhaps lie on the fundamental interest of the Burmese junta to educate and consolidate the people towards assimilating themselves to the legitimacy of the authoritarian regime, as an uneducated people would definitely plant the seeds of civil unrest and challenge the regime. This conjecture is offered in the light of similarly high literacy rates in other authoritarian yet impoverished regimes the world over, such as Cuba and North Korea, both of which have literacy rate of 99%. (cia.gov) The primordial prerequisite for the economic development of Burma today needs more than a simple implementation of liberalization measures in its economy, as the basic problem lies in the very structure of its institutions, particularly the manner by which the Burmese government wields power. If there is no room for discussion of different economic theories and policies which have worked for countless other impoverished nations, no shift towards economic liberalization and deregulation policies can ever be hoped in Burma as an authoritarian government shall always tend to believe only the policies and theories which it would want to pursue and implement. While a vast majority of the Burmese people is literate enough, it cannot be said fully at this point whether their literacy actually amounts to the development of countless professionals, scientists, engineers and skilled workers, as their poorly planned economy remains in shambles. In the ultimate analysis, prior to any economic cure which may be instituted to jumpstart its economic for the development of its resources and its people, a political solution must decisively be done if Burma is to move progressively and proactively forwards as a nation. Works Cited: Burma. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 20, 2007. November 15, 2007. Thailand. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November 20, 2007. November 15, 2007. Rank Order – GDP – per capita (PPP). CIA World Factbook.       November 20, 2007. November 15, 2007. Rank Order – Life expectancy at birth. CIA World Factbook.             November 20, 2007. November 15, 2007. How to cite Myanmar, Essay examples

OTP and Facial Recognition Features †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the OTP and Facial Recognition Features. Answer: Introduction: Confidentiality, integrity and availability is also known as CIA Triad is nothing but a model which is designed for guiding policies for information security within an organization. In the case of ATM machine pin number confidentiality is generally compared to privacy (Hajare et al., 2018). PIN numbers are designed in such a way that it can prevent from reaching to unauthorized people. Integrity is much more focused in maintaining, accuracy and trustworthiness of data over the whole life cycle. Availability is generally ensured by maintaining of data of all kinds of hardware and repair of data when needed (Onyesolu Okpala, 2017). Safeguarding of data or any kinds of interruptions in various kinds of connection must be included in various kinds of parameters like natural disaster and fire. For prevention of data a backup must be there so that important data can be easily stored. PIN in ATM mainly makes use of data so that it cannot be easily accessed or authorized by unauthorized peo ple. Many times it is seen that safeguarding of data may require special kind of training for looking into the documents. This kind of training would generally require various kinds of security risk which is used for threating of information. Data encryption is known to be common kind of method which is used for ensuring confidentiality. While availability focus on maintaining of hardware which generally performs maintaining of hardware for functioning of operating system. The whole keypad of an ATM machine consists of ten keys that is (0-9). Now in this situation the thief has broken five keys so more five keys are available to him. The pin number of an ATM machine generally consist of four numbers. So with the five keys available the maximum number of possible outcome for a four-digit pin is as follows 5P4 = 5! / (5-4)! = 5! /1! = 5*4*3*2*1/ 1 =120/1 =120. So the maximum number of possible outcome in this situation is 120. But according to the ATM security a user can enter pin for maximum three times. After three wrong inputs the card gets blocked. So keeping the security of the ATM in mind the maximum time the thief can enter the pin is three times. After three wrong trials by thief the card will be blocked. The reasons behind the reluctant to the use of biometrics are: One of the biggest challenges is the kind of process which is involved in capturing or mapping it a particular kind of identity (Karovaliya et al., 2015). Lack of accuracy in the kind of capturing may easily led to failure of a particular system. Privacy is considered to be one of the biggest concern in the kind of biometric solutions (Pathak et al., 2015). If somehow the server storing the biometric information is hacked in anyway then it may have led to serious kind of impact on a particular kind of individual. Any kind of error in biometric devices may led to false rejection and false kind of acceptance. This is mainly due to biometric technology which is unable to have an idea regarding the characteristic of a particular person for various kinds of reasons. There are certain number of steps which can be used for overcoming issues in biometric kind of authentication (Singh Kaur, 2016). Spoofing attack is considered to be well known kind of attack in which biometric of other persons are created. Another way for the implementation is the multifactor authentication which mainly requires multiple kind of identifiers on depending on certain number or level of risk. A false negative is a thing in biometric system when a particular kind of system fails to recognize the authenticity of an individual which might lead to something which is not happening in general (Khan, Hasan Xu, 2015). Depending on the thing there can be serious kinds of consequences like personal who is considered to have safety on the parameter of accessing inspite of guarding the whole kind of thing. On organizational level it can easily shut down the whole infrastructure and various kinds of things needed will be the data centers needed for restoring of various kinds of services. Transposition cipher is nothing but a simple scheme in which some of the plaintext are shifted in some kinds of regular pattern for forming cipher text. In some of the manual system transposition is generally carried out by making use of mnemonic. Simple frequency count can easily reveal to cryptanalyst. It generally has the same frequency in the cipher like some of the average in plaintext. And so simple rearrangement of various kinds of letters are possible in this. Simple distribution cipher is a kind of cypher which is being used for many years. It basically consists of plaintext character which are considered to be different from cipher text character. It is considered to be different from Caesar cipher in the context that cipher alphabet is not alphabet shifted instead of that is jumbled completely. Encrypted Text N T J W K H X K Corresponding numeric value 14 20 10 23 11 8 24 11 Key 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 12 17 6 21 8 4 22 8 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 9 14 3 18 5 1 19 5 Decoded Text I N C R E A S E Encrypted Text A M K Corresponding numeric value 1 13 11 Key 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 23 11 8 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 20 8 5 Decoded Text T H E Encrypted Text W W U J J Y Z T X Corresponding numeric value 23 23 21 10 10 25 26 20 24 Key 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 19 21 18 6 8 22 22 18 21 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 16 18 15 3 5 19 19 15 18 Decoded Text P R O C E S S O R Encrypted Text M W K X Z K U H E Corresponding numeric value 13 23 11 24 26 11 21 8 5 Key 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 9 21 8 20 24 8 17 6 2 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25 Decoded Text F R E Q U E N C Y Therefore, the decoded text for the cypher text for employees will increases the processor speed. References Hajare, U., Mahajan, R., Jadhav, S., Pingale, N., Salunke, S. (2018). Efficient Cash Withdrawal from ATM machine using Mobile Banking. Karovaliya, M., Karedia, S., Oza, S., Kalbande, D. R. (2015). Enhanced security for ATM machine with OTP and Facial recognition features.Procedia Computer Science,45, 390-396. Khan, R., Hasan, R., Xu, J. (2015, March). SEPIA: Secure-PIN-authentication-as-a-service for ATM using mobile and wearable devices. InMobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering (MobileCloud), 2015 3rd IEEE International Conference on(pp. 41-50). IEEE. Koteswari, S., Paul, P. J. (2017). A Survey: Fusion of Fingerprint and Iris for ATM services. Onyesolu, M. O., Okpala, A. C. (2017). Improving Security Using a Three-Tier Authentication for Automated Teller Machine (ATM).International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security,9(10), 50. Pathak, S. K., Pathak, S. K., Mishra, M. K., Kesharwani, L., Gupta, A. K. (2015). Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Frauds and Security.EDITORIAL BOARD, 192. Singh, S., Kaur, S. (2016). Enhancing ATM Security Using Fusion of Biometric Techniques.IITM Journal of Management and IT,7(1), 79-82.

The Rise of the Macro

Anders Berring Breivik was the man accused of the terrorist attack that took place in Oslo. Through his document that he posted on the website on July 22 hours before the attacks took, we get to learn that he had a fair standard ideology of far right. The document which he named 2030- A European Declaration of Independence evoked several themes in central movements and mentions numerious ideologies of the right wing (Chesterton 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, after close inspections, it was found that Mr Breivik’s view of the world did not match any of the established ideologies of the right wig which include Christian fundamentalism, Ultanationalism and supremacism. Rather his worldview revealed new doctrines to the civilizational war that represented the Chrristian version of an Al Qaeda. This was revelead throug h his statement when he exclaimed that he feared extinction of Nordic genotypes. This meant that his main agenda was not racial hygiene, but rather he wanted to expel but not kill muslims who were in Europe. He did not mind about the non-muslims Asians and the Jews. Mr Breivik is not a Norweign nationalist but he is extremely proud of his Norwign/ Odinistic heritage and that is why he declares independence for all Europeans. He publicly declares his religion of being a Christian, however, not a very religious one. Mr Breivik wants to change his views concerning Western Islamazation in Europe. He actually views himself as a defence war soldier against Islamic imperialism. Breivik views muslims as colonized Europeans who were helped by multicultural doctrines and high birth rates which were advocated by the European elites (Hegghammer 2005). Mr Breivik view muslims as an extisting threat to European civilazation and that is why they must end up their existance by all means. Waging war against them was the best way to counter them since they were traitors who allowed colonization to occur. According to Marxists muslims are European intellectual and political elites and that is why they are considered as traitors. Despite the exceptional violent acts of Breivik, he does not have enough knowledge of Islams (Huntington 1996). His manifasto is mainly inspired by new intellectuals of the right-wing which is currently referred to as counterjihad. The roots of the movement can be traced back in 1980s but it only gained momentum after the occurance of 9/11. The internet has become a home to Breivik where different views are aired in blogs like Atlas Shrugs, Gates of Vienna, Jihad Watch publications and written by Pamela Geller, Robert Spencer, Fjordman and Bat Ye’or for Norwegian blogs. Many counterjihad writers replete Breivik manifestos which is a sign that they were inspired by him.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mr Breivik also advocates mass murder of most prominent European politicians. He gives details information concerning the issue and his main manifesto contains information and ideas that no counterjihad existing ideologist has ever discussed. Mr. Breivik provides an extensive piece of advice on building bombs and the way to plan terrorist attacks. However, he was condemned by the leading counterjihad writers for advocating violence; they actually condemned Breivik for his actions. Breivik openly announced that he was a member of knightly order known as European Military Order and Criminal Tribunal. He describes the group as a reincarnation of Knights Templar which he himself found in the year 2002 in London with some activists from eight countries across Europe (Hegghammer 2005). Mr. Breivik has a similar ideology with the Al Qaeda’s since they both see themselves to be engaged in civilizational war betwee n West and Islam that actually exceeds all existing crusades. They both fight on behalf of existing transitional entities refered to as community or ummah for Europeans and Al Qaedans. The phrase Ummah also known as one Community mainly refers to Islamic unified world (Hegghammer 2005). The nation should produce the mankind who command righteous and forbid anything that is considered as wrong. Both Breivik and Al Qaedas frame the struggles they face in the wars as defensive war survivals. They actually both hate their former governments for collaborating with those they refer to as outside enermies. Both Mr. Breivik and Al Qaedas use matyrdom language; Breivik calls those who attacks him as matyrdom operation. They also both call themselves espouse medieval ideals and knights of chivalry. They also lament partriarchy erosion and women emancipation (Hegghammer 2005). These numerous existing similarities between Mr. Breivik and Al Qaeda only mean that Mr. Breivik is mainly inspired by Al Qaedas or he is simply trying to emulate them. However, Al Qaeda’s actions suggest that they manifest the same generic ideological phenomenon; a macro-nationalism which is a varient of nationalism used to cluster nations or states held together by similar notions like ummah or the West (Hegghammer 2005). Great Macro-nationalists actually view their own people to be low in attacks and fights when it comes to defending themselves. Pan-Islamism which is muslim world has got a long history and they have always been inspired by militance since 1980s, a period when Arabs used to travell to Afghanistan to fight their fellow Muslims against the Soviet occupation. However, the West lacked similar movements in comparison to those of Pan-Islamism (Praveen 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, it is expected that this coul d change after the appearance of Breivik manifesto and the rise of counterjihad in 2000. In case a violent anti-muslim movement emerges in West, what we expect is a division on the question who the target will be. Some members of the movement would prefer to punish European elites with the same reason which is the treason just like Mr. Breivik did. Others will prefer to attack the muslims directly just like they did it with the snipers who injured and killed several immigrants in Malmo in Sweden last year. One of the greatest tasks that the country has is countering macro-nationalists like Breivik and Al Qaedas. This is because they normally get popular support even if they are involved in mass murder which is something that is universally rejected. Mr. Breivik is a relatively large reservoir of European anti-muslims sentiments just like the AlQaedas exploit widespread Muslim oppossition policies in Middle East. However, many hope that Breivik’s actions will be horrific and u ndermine his major cause since one Al Qaeda is more than enough. Breivik hopes that countries such as Phillipines, Thailand and China will succeed him in the fight. In conclusion, it must be mentioned that this article looks more at the broad view of civilisations in violent struggles for survival and supremacy. It clearly defines what macro-nationalists think of the views and adeologies of confessed Norwegian mass murder Mr. Breivik. He struggles much in trying to implement the democratic regimes. Breivik apprecites those Hindu groups which actually do not sustain the injustice; they carry out riots and attacks on Muslims whenever things worsen but their main ideology is that their attacks are counterproductive. However, they do not attack the muslims directly instead, they target consolidate millitary cells in India with the aim of overthrowing the cultural Marxist government. Breivik envisages that future organizations would actually hand out multi cultural force which will bring military cooperation with the Buddhist, nationalists, Jewish and Hindu. He believes that these forces will help fight against the cultural Marxist forces (Clark 2011). This article also advocates how many Neo-cons in America are in need of global war with the radical muslims Mr. Breivik’s worldview does not fit into established categories of the ideologies of the right-wing just like fundamentalism, supremacism and ultranationalism. It however reveals all the new civizational war doctrines that represent how Christians view Al Qaeda since Mr. Breivik himself is a christian though not a strong one.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article clearly shows how people view muslims and what they can do within their power to see that the Al Qaedas stop terrorizing Western countries. However, they use almost the same tactics as those of the Al Qaedas to stop the killings. This article also clearly shows what America turned into after the incident of 9/11 which left many people injured while some lost their loved ones. Based mainly on ethnicity , religion and cultural essense, they all try to unify all the members of pan-groups that are beyond the nationalist boundaries. The above ideologies have been ignored by many governements and states. References Chesterton, G. (2011). The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists. New York: Barnes Nobel. Clark, N. (2011). Nationalism: Classical, Macro and Regional. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. Hegghammer, T. (2005).Counter-Jihad’ fake nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press. Huntington, S.1996. The Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon Schuster. Praveen, S. (2000). Norwegian Mass Killers Manifesto Hails Hindutva. New York: Free Press. This research paper on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists was written and submitted by user Krish Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Outsourcing Essay

Outsourcing Essay Outsourcing Essay Outsourcing EssayOutsourcing has become a common practice in business in general and in electronic commerce in particular. However, along with numerous benefits, outsourcing also creates numerous risks such as the loss of control over e-business operations, lack of strategic alignment of corporate processes and operations, information leaks, etc (Lientz Rea, 2009). In the presence of outsourcing, the companys structure changes from integrated to distributed, and management approaches should be properly adjusted taking into account the risks of outsourcing. Therefore, if the company starts outsourcing some e-business activities, it should change its focus from tactical internal operations to strategic operations (Lientz Rea, 2009).It is important to develop an outsourcing strategy in such a way that the dependence on contractors does not create mission-critical risks (Braithwaite, 2002). In this context, the company should retain its core functions, such as management and supervisio n (Braithwaite, 2002), and other business-critical operations and capabilities. For maintaining business security and continuity, it is reasonable to outsource only those functions and processes which can be restored and do not form the companys core capabilities.From the perspective of retaining core capabilities and strategic focus, it is essential that the head of the business management function of an electronic commerce initiative is an employee of the company implementing the project. If business management functions of an e-commerce initiative are completely outsourced, there emerge high risks of losing control over e-commerce operations, losing clients or profits due to the lack of strategic alignment, or failing e-commerce initiatives if the contractors experience some issues. Furthermore, the presence of the head of the e-commerce business management function in the companys internal team is necessary for setting the companys strategic focus and objectives.

The Impact of Changes on Safety and Cost of SABIC Dissertation

The Impact of Changes on Safety and Cost of SABIC - Dissertation Example According to Kumar. R. ( 1999 ) , the basic purpose of any research work is to understand and analyze the chosen research phenomenon . There are many methods of communication research methodologies like qualitative research , quantitative research , case studies and many more . These communication research methodologies try to acquire the actual scenario of the research phenomenon by methods of interviews and surveys . The qualitative methodology happens to be based on the interpretative paradigm , while the quantitative methodology follows the positivist paradigm of knowledge . This research has chosen the quantitative research methodology as one of the research approach . Another research methodology chosen for this research includes the case study method . According to McMurray et al. ( 2004 ) , when these two methods are used together , provides triangulation , which is expected to increase the validity and reliability of the research data collected . The strategy chosen for this research work comes under the two approaches , they are the quantitative method of data collection followed by statistical analysis and the case study approach which follows an empirical inquiry of a research phenomenon in real life situations . The quantitative method of data collection seems to follow the positivist paradigm that assumes that the participants are aware of the research concept and thus they intend to answer a defined set of questions in a predetermined scale . Here , the questions and the answers are defined by the researcher and the participant just chooses a specific option that suits his opinion . Thus the opinion of the participant in the research is generally limited to the set of answers and any other relative opinion of the participant seem to be suppressed . Â  

Medical Malpractice in the Death of Mrs. Hoover Case Study

Medical Malpractice in the Death of Mrs. Hoover - Case Study Example In order for it to be considered a criminal case, the defendant's actions must be considered to be so grossly negligent that it was with willful and malicious intent that they committed the act that lead them to trial. Specifically, ""That degree of negligence or carelessness which is denominated as gross, and which constitutes such a departure from what would be the conduct of an ordinarily careful and prudent manas to furnish evidence of that indifference to consequences which in some offenses takes the place of criminal intent."24 or "Negligence, to be criminal, must be reckless and wanton (Monico 1)". The type of tort that is appropriate for this case is malpractice. This is clearly a case of malpractice because the defendant acted outside her Scope of Practice. According to the Federation of State Medical Boards, "Scope of practice define s those health care services a physician or other health care practitioner is authorized to perform by virtue of professional license, registration, or certification. Health care professionals' scopes of practice sometimes overlap reflecting shared competencies (Federation of State Medical Boards, 2005)". As a Medical Assistant, Smith acted outside her scope of practice as a Medical Assistant as defined by her State's laws and medical direction. A Medical Assistant may only order, obtain and provide medications with a Doctor's Written Orders (Buppert 1). In order to have avoided this situation completely, Smith could have chosen to remain within her scope of practice as a Medical Assistant. Smith could have advised Hoover to seek the care of another medical professional, or, if necessary, call for an ambulance or report to a hospital emergency room. Due to the fact that Hoover was in so much pain, Smith could have contacted an ambulance or a hospital for Hoover so that she could receive immediate medical care. The Doctrine of Respondeat Superior dictates that Dr. Jones can be held liable in this situation. Specifically, Respondeat Superior can be used when "it is determined that the medical provider exercised control over the negligent provider's means and methods of work (Regan 1)". As Smith's superior, Dr. Jones worked closely with Smith close enough to the point where she knew the exact medication that his patients receive. Dr. Jones is explicitly responsible for the actions of his employees and the occurrences within his office, and probably has multiple forms of insurance for situations like this. However, Respondeat Superior can prevail in this case because Smith ordered the prescription as if Dr. Jones had ordered it, leading the patient to believe that she was truly being prescribed this medication by her doctor. The Good Samaritan Law may not apply in this case. In general, the Good Samaritan Law's intent is to release the legal liability of an average person, including licensed medical professionals, who provide emergency care to a person experiencing a sudden medical emergency. The only exceptions to this case are actions that are considered to be criminal or grossly negligent. The Good Samaritan Law also does not change the scope of practice for those people who are performing as, or have identified themselves as, a medical professional while rendering emergency medical care. To cite the State of Georgia's Good Samaritan Law, "Nothing in this Code section shall be

Audited and Unaudited Financial Statements of Patton-Fuller Community Assignment

Audited and Unaudited Financial Statements of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Virtual Organization - Assignment Example In 2009, there was a fall in stock and real estate markets which affected the hospital in making general financial decisions. The 2008 and 2009 financial statements were prepared so as to understand and compare changes brought by reassessing investments of the facility. This will help bring out the positive and negative changes and reasons why they occur. To begin with, the first difference is noted between the audited and unaudited financial statements. Looking at the Patients Accounts Receivable and with 2008 as the base year, there is a difference of $1000. Provision for Doubtful accounts in the unaudited accounts has a value of $13797 and audited statement has $13,797 resulting in a difference of $1000. Operating income in 2009 was at $689 for unaudited and at $-311 after audit resulting in a difference of $378. Effect of the differences realized in the net income from the unaudited statements to the audited statements was from $627 to -$373. Looking at the above differences, it can be noted that the decision made by the board through the Chief Financial Officer was favourable. With the unstable economy, the differences provided confidence to the hospital to be successful in the future operations.  Ã‚  

Rising Costs of the Retail and Funeral Industry

Rising Costs of the Retail and Funeral Industry The retail industry feeds more than 64 million people every day in UK. The retail sales account for  £177.5bn makes 51% contribution to UK economy. It employs 3.8 million people make up 14% employment in UK (IGD, 2015). Figure: Total Retail Spend by Category (Retail Economics, 2016). As the figure shows, the retail industry can divided into several categories. The largest part is food retailer. Clothing also plays an important part in retailer industry. Moreover, the online retailer becomes more and more popular (Retail Economics, 2016). With the development of the technology, the manufacturers have increased labour productivity by 20.7% in the last 10 years while the productivity of the agricultural industry has risen by 20% in the last 25 years (IGD, 2015). Another main growth of the retail industry is depends on the consumer spending. The consumer will be attracted by the discount and the good service. There are a great number of researches to distinguish groups by using different retail strategy. For large business, it has enough finance and ability to achieve economic of scales. Therefore, low cost strategy may be better. For small business, the customer service and product specialization or customization rather than low price may be widely accepted (Megicks, 2011). The SMEs in retail industry are more than any other industry arrives to 318,470 (IGD, 2015). Tesco is the largest retailer in UK consists of  £54.433 million sales. Sainsbury, ASDA is also larger include around 23 million compared with others. Over the years, the market share of the biggest companies in the industry dropped while the discount retailers such as Aldi and Lidl had a really significant growth (Source). Retail: IGD (2015). THE UKS FOOD AND GROCERY INDUSTRY. Available at: 2015http://www.igd.com/Documents/Other%20downloads/Grocery%20Industry%20A5%20booklet%20update%20online%20version.pdf Phil Megicks (2001) Competitive strategy types in the UK independent retail sector, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 9:4, 315-328, [Online] Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09652540110079029?needAccess=true Retail Economics (2016) UK Retail Sales http://www.retaileconomics.co.uk/download/Sample%20-%20UK%20Retail%20Sales.pdf Around  £1billion was estimated to be gained with over 600,000 funerals taking place in UK funeral market annually (UK Funerals Online). The price is varies enormously due to the Funeral directors professionalism. The industry is worth  £1.7bn every year. According to the Office for National Statistics, The death rate rose at its fastest pace since 1968 (Financial Times, 2016). The death rate in the United Kingdom increased in 2012-2013 also supported the industry growth (IBISWorld, 2016). The two UK market leaders of funeral group are the Co-operative Group (CWS Ltd) and Dignity Caring Funeral Services (Dignity Plc). The Co-operative Group (CWS Ltd) has over 675 branches across the UK and conducts around 90,000 funerals a year. They also own the North Eastern Co-operative. Dignity has just over 500 branches and conducts 75,000 funerals a year. They together control over 25 per cent of the market (UK Funerals Online). The rest of the funeral company is largely made up of small, independent businesses. According to the line chart, the price of the funeral has increased year by year. The Co-operative Group reported a 9.9 per cent rise in funeral sales while Dignity, the only listed UK funeral services company said the pre-tax profits had grown by almost a quarter for 2015. These two main companies controlled about 30 per cent of the market shares. According to market analysts IBISworld, the industry is predicted to expand by 2.9 per cent in 2016 (Financial Times, 2016). Figure: The rising cost of a funeral (Financial Times, 2016). Funeral: UK Funerals Online (no time). The UK Funeral Industry. Available at: http://www.uk-funerals.co.uk/funeral-industry.html IBISWorld (2016) Funeral Activities Market Research Report. Available at: https://www.ibisworld.co.uk/market-research/funeral-activities.html Financial Times (2016). Funeral business reaps profits as UK death rate soars. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/b6053e72-fd8b-11e5-b3f6-11d5706b613b The UK insurance industry the largest in Europe and the third largest in the world, it plays an essential part in the UKs economy, managing investments of over  £1.9 trillion. It also makes  £29 billion contribution to GDP in 2012 and employs around 344,000 individuals (Association of British Insurance, 2014). Insurance is a contract which represented by a policy for individuals or entity to seek financial protection from an insurance company (investopedia). For insurance industry, there are different types of insurance such as auto insurance, home insurance, health insurance and medical care (All Kinds of Insurance, 2017). The main player includes Legal General, Aviva and Prudential. Aviva is the UKs largest insurer by providing insurance, savings and investment products to around 31 million customers worldwide. Aviva aims to builds positive contribution to society to accomplish sustainable business and powerful brand. The Legal General over 175 years aiming to provide best possible product s as well as clear and fair service to make sure the safe pair of hands of money. For Prudential, it manage  £562 billion of assets to serve around 24 million customers. It has a long-established leading provider of life and pensions in UK and the assets excess of  £255.4 billion. Insurance: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/insurance.asp All Kinds of Insurance (2017). Available at: http://allkindsofinsurance.com/ Association of British Insurance (2014) Statistics. Available at: https://www.abi.org.uk/Insurance-and-savings/Industry-data https://www.pru.co.uk/about/ http://www.aviva.co.uk/about-us/ https://www.legalandgeneral.com/about-us/

Macbeth And Lady Macbeth Switch Roles :: essays research papers

Throughout the play "Macbeth", two of the main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth gradually exchange roles. Macbeth is the kind, caring one of the two in the beginning, but completely changes as the play goes on, as with Lady Macbeth. She starts out as an evil, vicious beast. She is an evil woman who is bond and determined to kill Duncan. At the end of the play this character feels guilt for what she has done and has taken the personality, which was that of her husband in the beginning.At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth speaks and shows her shows how cruel and heartless she really is; "And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty". This shows she has no good in her, what so ever. Macbeth on the other hand, began as a good respectable character. When Lady Macbeth speaks of killing Duncan, he gives many reasons for reasons that he could not do so. Some of the reasons he gives in that speech are, that Duncan respects him, and trusts Macbeth. Duncan is also related to him by blood, and if he were to kill him he would never be able to rid himself of the guilt; wash the blood from his hands.At the climax of the play Macbeth makes plans to kill Banquo, with out Lady Macbeth, without anyone. This is a turning point because up until now, Macbeth was a respectable man, who didn't feel the need to kill for the crown. But suddenly he decides he is going to go against everything he has believed in up till now.As the play comes to an end, Macbeth has gone mad. He kills Macduff's whole family, all the children, and even the young, innocent babies. He loses control and doesn't care about anyone or anything. He is now pure evil.Lady Macbeth has now realized her wrong doings. She realizes how cold and dark she once was. She now wants to carry a candle with her at all times, to have the light with her always. She is now trying to get the stench of blood off her hands, but is unsuccessful. The guilt of murdering Duncan eats away at her.